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Biochemistry Course

Simplify the Complex. Master the Molecular. Learn What Matters.

These biochemistry notes are your go-to companion for turning dense, confusing textbook content into clear, digestible, and clinically relevant knowledge. Made by medical students, for medical students, this resource focuses on high-yield material, for quick and efficient learning process.

Whether you’re struggling with metabolic pathways, enzyme kinetics, or the molecular basis of disease, these notes are designed to help you understand not just what, but why—so you can remember more and apply it better.

Each chapter is organized to help you grasp the big picture while retaining the small details. We’ve included helpful mnemonics, clinical correlations, metabolic maps, and visually intuitive diagrams to maximize learning and minimize confusion.

Course Contents

I. Introduction to Biochemistry

  1. What is Biochemistry?
  2. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
  3. pH, Buffers & Acid-Base Chemistry
  4. Water, Electrolytes & Biological Solvents

II. Biomolecules & Macromolecular Structure

  1. Amino Acids & Proteins
    • Classification of amino acids
    • Peptide bonds and protein structure
    • Protein folding and denaturation
    • Collagen, elastin, and structural proteins
    • Clinical conditions: Osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos
  2. Carbohydrates
    • Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
    • Glycosidic bonds and digestion
    • Glycogen structure and storage disorders
  3. Lipids
    • Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol
    • Lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL, chylomicrons)
    • Fat digestion and absorption
    • Lipid-related disorders (e.g. familial hypercholesterolemia)

III. Enzymes & Enzyme Kinetics

  1. Enzyme Structure and Function
  2. Active Sites and Substrate Specificity
  3. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
  4. Types of Enzyme Inhibition
  5. Regulation of Enzymes (Allosteric, Covalent, Feedback)
  6. Clinical Enzymology (e.g. Liver and Cardiac Enzymes)

IV. Vitamins & Cofactors

  1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K)
  2. Water-Soluble Vitamins (B-complex, C)
  3. Deficiencies and Excess States
  4. Role of Vitamins as Coenzymes
  5. Clinical Correlations: Scurvy, Beriberi, Pellagra, Rickets, etc.

V. Metabolism Overview

  1. Key Concepts: Anabolism vs Catabolism
  2. ATP and Energy Currency
  3. Metabolic Regulation and Integration

VI. Carbohydrate Metabolism

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Pyruvate Metabolism
  3. TCA Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
  4. Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
  5. Gluconeogenesis
  6. Glycogen Metabolism (Synthesis & Breakdown)
  7. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  8. Clinical Correlations: G6PD Deficiency, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Glycogen Storage Diseases

VII. Lipid Metabolism

  1. Beta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids
  2. Fatty Acid Synthesis
  3. Cholesterol Metabolism
  4. Ketone Body Metabolism
  5. Clinical Correlations: MCAD Deficiency, Ketoacidosis, Lipid Disorders

VIII. Amino Acid And Nucleotide Metabolism

  1. Amino Acid Classification & Catabolism
  2. Urea Cycle
  3. Special Products (e.g., Catecholamines, Creatine, Serotonin, Melanin)
  4. Purine and Pyrimidine Synthesis
  5. Salvage Pathways (HGPRT, Lesch-Nyhan)
  6. Clinical Correlations: Gout, SCID, Orotic Aciduria
  7. Clinical Correlations: Maple Syrup Urine Disease, PKU, Alkaptonuria

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